Discussion Questions In Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion Questions In Class - Essay ExampleA confine liability accessoryship is an organization in which a number of partners or all of them exact limited liability. It is true that this type of organization provides the protection of limited liability, characteristics of a grass and tax advantages of a partnership, and that at that place exists many similarities between the limited liability pot and this kind of partnership.According to Sutton (2001), the limited liability corporation reports its income on a schedule corporation tax form and computes its self-employment tax on a schedule self employment tax form. In the case of multiple member liability limited corporation, self employment tax is paid on the members allocations on wampums. The corporations income is reported separately on a 1065 tax return for partnership with each partner figure the bills for self employment tax on their allocations of partnership gains on the schedule self employment tax forms that g o along with the 1040 returns on personal tax (Clifford and Warner 2008). It is therefore not true to say that the profit is not subject to self employment tax. A corporation is taxed and also files taxes.It is also important to scar that individuals in the partnership are protected against joint liability in the case of one partner or many in the business commits an act of malpractice or misconduct. It is only the assets of the member who has been proofed to have caused failure due to negligence which are attached in case of business failure (Sutton 2001).When it is toughened as a corporation, pay self employment tax is not charged on the corporations profit. However, according to Sutton (2001), the 1120 of the liability Limited Corporation reports the corporate income tax that is subjected on the profits. The corporation is commonly limited by the shares. Non U.S. residents are allowed to own limited liability corporations. It is

Personal motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal motivation - Essay ExampleHowever, all humans are small parts of a large invent. Thus, one cannot assess the long term impact of short hardships, bottlenecks and despairs in life. Unless, in any stold age of life one evaluates optimistically that these demises were to make, nourish or develop ones potential or to determine his life objective for him. Thus, in mature age I accepted reality and despite of becoming gloomy about my shortcomings, accepted them whole-heartedly. Therefore, I certain my pleasure of life by getting married to a great man and am prospered to be the gravel of three. However, my passion for higher studies never dwindled and at the age of forty and a mother to fourteen year old daughter, I decided to resume my studies as a radiologist.I indirect request to become a role model for my children and provide them with evidence as age is not an breastwork in achieving aims, only perseverance and personal motivation in any form is required. Therefore, I plan to join The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer to pursue a Bachelor of Science degree in radiation. divinity has plan for all, I found my personal motivational element in the success of others and by aiding my family members in their time of need, I found my objective of life. I believe, living for oneself is easy and not much recognize in its true sense, the just about gratifying moments are savored when one becomes a cause of others pleasure or become a source of their ease through eliminating their pains or miseries. Therefore, I feel most gold to be a daughter of my beloved father, wife to my loving man and a fortunate mother who can still look after family without being pessimistic or

Home Style Cookies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

base Style Cookies - Essay Examplenformation is sent to the storage silos where the ingredients are stored, afterwards, the ingredients are sent into a monstrosity mixing machine where they are mixed in appropriate ratios. Then, the batter is poured in courseting machines, where private cookies are cut. The cookies are sent to ovens, and flavored cookies are further sent for additional steps.Non filled cookies are cut diagonally rather than straight cut cookies as it takes less space. The cookies are sent to spiral cool down racks, after the racks they are placed in cookie boxes. The boxes are then sealed, wrapped and labeled.Yes, the company is make the right decision by not automating the packaging process. By doing so the company has a wakeless quality control, by the fact that the destroyed cookies are not placed in the packages. And, the company is doing replete(p) for its society as well, providing job opportunities for the unemployed passel. The size of the company is a big factor, if it is a elfin company manual labor is better for the company because that would result in low costs. If it was a bad company it would have had other fields for jobs and the automation of packaging would be a better natural selection in that case.Since the company makes cookies on the basis of orders, they dont have a lot of ending inventory. Plus any(prenominal) is produced, they are shipped immediately so that they dont have to be stored in the shelves. Because of this policy the company is able to minimise its storage and inventorial costs.The advantages that the company gets from not using preservatives in cookies are that they increase the health factors in their cookies which results in high customer demand. Because, people would prefer health over anything and since the cookies offer good health factors people will buy it in bulks.The limitations that the company gets from not using preservatives are, that the company has to sell the cookies immediately o r it will result in the waste of the products. The life span of the

UPenn Wharton Business School Admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

UPenn Wharton Business School Admission - Essay ExampleThe competitive Chinese real soil market and the economic bubble was not fit for the financially challenged lot, making them drop along the bureau or were just employed as masons, and contractors when there were many opportunities. In addition, just as monoamine oxidase Zedong said that nations do not mistrust each other because they are fortify, while they are armed because they do not mistrust each other. I wanted to arm the masons and empower them to get the stovepipe out of their effort. I helped them identify alternative sources of capital that they could use to help improve their financial situation. nigh of my first clients are in the real estate and have been enjoying the fruits of their life. These people have k presentlyn the better(p) recipe for project management and capital valuation, they know the importance of the project, how to maximize the bottom line in all projects, how to dispose their capital equipment without losing much through trade in or recycle/reuse. Others started biggish construction companies that are now tremendously successful in the maintenance of the bad roads in Vietnam. These people realized that the main secret to their life is to like what they do and not just do what they like only. In this spirit, I only want to do the things I like and decide that now is the defining moment at hand before the defining moment defines me.

What is ment by impression management, and what are some of the Essay

What is ment by tactile sensation counselling, and what are some(a) of the political behaviours and tactics an employee might adopt to gain power - Essay ExampleIt is concluded that burden commission is unavoidable in various accessible conditions including the workplace however, the causes or the effects of the photo management are not always easy to be identified or criticized mostly because they are depended on the personal perceptions of the performer but also on the particular organizational conditions referring to the literature examined in the linguistic context of this study where beginning is made to the relationship between the impression management and the organizational environment.Despite the feature that different approaches have been used in order to indicate the characteristics and the role of impression management, the scope of impression management is basically the following one impression management is developed by imitate behavioural patterns in order to achieve specific goals in the context of the impression management people toilet take many roles attempted to please audiences to win their moral, social and financial support (Giacalone et al., 1989, p.2) Griffin et al (2009) describe impression management as follows impression management is a direct, intentional effort by someone to enhance his or her image in the eyes of others (Griffin et al., 2009, p.356). It is made clear that impression management has a specific scope however, its role may be differentiated in accordance with the social events and perceptions to which it is related this fact is made clear in the study of Greene et al. (2003) in the above study reference is made to a particular characteristic of impression management its dual character. More specifically, Greene et al. (2003) support that impression management refers simultaneously to how individuals present themselves and how they respond to the presentation of others (Greene et al., 2003, p.358). In bo th the above cases, the target is the

Imperalism in Algeria Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Imperalism in Algeria - Term Paper ExampleAs a result of this, the oscillate of imperialism spread from the present day rich countries to the present day third world countries. With imperialism came colonization since this was the completely way that the powerful nations would be able to derive the raw materials they so desired. Continents like Africa were adversely touched by the wave of imperial ism since at the time they were amongst the least civilized and developed politically, economically and culturally. Therefore, the powerful nations came up with new civilizations and they introduced new cultures to the weaker nations. Apart from this, they empowered the weaker nations economically and politically so that they would be at par with the rest of the nations in other parts of the world. However, the civilization did not come with its flaws. The weaker nations approach the oppression of the stronger nations due to a scramble of raw materials. The African continent had so many indispensable resources that had not been exploited such that European leaders convened in Berlin in 1886 in a carrefour whose theme has been referred to as The Scramble and partition of Africa3. Apart from industrialization, nationalism also contributed to the growth and spread of imperialism. nationalism refers to the pride concerning ones country. Various citizens of various nations were proud of their nations and their accomplishments, which also entailed taking over other areas. European nations started competing among themselves hence, there was an enhanced pressure for these nations to practice imperialism so that a balance of power would be maintained in Europe. This was the genesis of the competition between European powers like France, Italy and Britain. It is important to note that when... It is unambiguous from the study that imperialism began in ancient Roman cultures whereby stronger kingdoms extended their control to take over the weaker ones. The Industrial vic issitude that occurred from 1800 necessitated massive raw materials for Europeans and a ready market for their manufactured products. This led to the scramble and partition of African nations by European powers. These European nations were powerful as compared to their African counterparts hence, they had their way. They simply took over their lands. The French as compared to the British annexed large chunks of land as a means of expanding their empire, hence, block the expansion of the British Empire. The French set foot in Algeria in 1830, and for a century they ruled this country with the policy of acculturation whereby people were made to embrace French cultures. This was a divide and rule gimmick which ensured that the resistance was reduced. by and by a century and a quarter, the French decided to grant independence to the Algerians. Although the French were not crush in war, much credit must be given to the Algerians for resisting French rule between 1954 and 1962 in a seri es of wars. Independence was finally granted in 1962. After Independence, the leaders have try to annihilate the French policies that were so characteristics of the colonial period. In the late 1960s, the government of Houri Boumediene, the then Algerian President, embarked on total arabization as a state goal and this went towards promoting the Arabic language in schools and in bureaucracies.

Putting Action in Your Passion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Putting Action in Your Passion - Essay ExampleThat is math. Math lav withal help us shop wisely like when we go to a grocery store attempting to reckon our m integrityy to buy the right amount of stocks at the cheapest possible price. That is math. It comes in handy in computing what time we need to leave the house for work to avoid the hectic traffic jam and gloss over manage to drop the kids in school. That is math. Like one writer said, If we are well-versed in this language of numbers, it skunk help us make important decisions and perform everyday tasks.1The study disciplines within maths first arose out of the need to do calculations in commerce, to understand the relationships between numbers, to measure land, and to predict galactic events.2 As part of the educational requirement, it is a fundamental study of all possible degrees. It has been include in all stages of learning including the time one is taught how to count one to ten. No one can go up the didactic ladde r without passing Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry and Calculus. It is even made a major for courses such as Accountancy, Bachelor of Science Major in Math, Engineering, and all other related studies. With this being said, Mathematics is the academic discipline, and its supporting body of knowledge, that involves the study of such concepts as quantity, structure, space and change.3 looking at the usual profile of students in a Math class, most fall under the just-barely-making-it-to-pass benchmark. A few seems to show advancement in the subject, and hardly any turns out to be a genius. This is the cat valium set-up that takes place, and everyday is a challenging day to keep the class alert the whole time. Like one would say, just the sight of a complicated math equation, laden with exponents and square root signs and algebraic letters, inspires the same(p) sort of revulsion as an antennae-waving critter scurrying along a baseboard.4 To create variety in learning, educa tors incorporate math games, quizzes, board exercises, group activities, and other similar events but the goal to perk up the attentiveness is still far from achieved. No matter what the experience, students go out of the classroom with the usual sportsmanlike stares which say that the lesson is long forgotten. Discovering ones interest is an easy task. Id say unearthing your desires is an easy task. What motivates you What makes you spend more time into doing something To an onlooker, trace the things that one excels in. It may be through actions or manifestations, or a simple spark in the eyes that would give away an idea of what it is, like looking at a child beam with glee when he sees kites flying overhead. Oftentimes, this starts with having a hobby. Hobbies are leisure activities practiced with interest and enjoyment.5 enchantment some of these activities seem insignificant and unimportant to most people, for others they have found something compelling and entertaining we ll-nigh them,6 which, when mastered and perfected, might later on be a profession and a unsloped

Nursing Initiatives in Global Health Promotion and Education Assignment - 1

Nursing Initiatives in Global Health Promotion and Education - appellative ExampleHealth education is a function of various health professionals, but more so for nurses who often spend the most time with patients and their families and who are often deployed in the partnership setting. It is therefore big to create by mental act a program which terminate maximize the role of nurses in health education and union activism. Hence, this program is being conceptualized as a means of improving the health outcomes in China.Goal To conceptualize a health education plan which will be taught by the hospital nurses to their patient during the last mentioneds stay in the hospital and by community-based nurses in the community settinga. statement the patients and the members of the community (especially those with children of immunizable age) the importance of participating in the governments EPI (expanded program of immunization).a. Teaching the patients and the community the different b enefits of adopting a healthy diet and exercise in ones life. This includes command the patients the different essential foods which can provide optimum health and resistance to diseases.c. Teaching the patient and the community the importance of avoiding excess wasting disease of alcohol and/or drugs the benefits of quitting smoking and the different ways they can avoid the transmission and the acquisition of sexually-transmitted diseases.b. Teaching female patients how to properly conduct breast self-examination and male patients how to conduct prostate self-examinations. This also involves teaching patients the different early signs and symptoms which can indicate the presence of diseases.Nurses are at the very forefront of healthcare delivery. Among all the members of the medical team, nurses spend the most time with patients. They are present at almost each stage of the treatment process from admission to assessment to treatment, and on to discharge.

Personal statment to get accepted into LIU. topic can be on anything Statement

Statment to get accepted into LIU. topic can be on anything perferabbly closely their nursing program - Personal Statement ExampleAs a nurse I trust I will be able to work with and help people from different walks of life.Having d cardinal a thorough research, now I am convinced that LIU is the place to fulfil my academic aspirations from. LIUs care of opening world gates for men and women from all the different ethnic, social and economic backgrounds wishing to try themselves to the service of humanity particularly captures my interest. The goal of awakening, enlightening and expanding the mental faculties of its graduates says just everything. The institutionalization and appreciation of diversity as a strength just matches my personal value of interacting with different world cultures. I personally give birth always wished to be part of an educational system that permits intellectual freedom, independent scholarship and application of knowledge to the service of community. I will be honoured greatly to be selected as a student in the LIU nursing program.My interest in nursing is largely the result of a passion for serving in the medical field and be in a career that allows me to positively change lives. I am very passionate about helping others, it is most fulfilling & valuable thing for me and I believe as a nurse I will be better placed to do what I alike every day. LIUs nursing program aims at preparing graduates who will combine science, compassion and care to serve. The colleges goal of churning out graduate nurses who are competent, effective in leading change through compassionate care, management and nurse education responds to the requirements of the changing role played by nurses in the inbuilt medical continuum. By studying for my nursing program at the university therefore, I will come our as an effective leader, well prepared and ready for the challenges of todays society.Apart from academics, I am one very outgoing individual who activ ely takes part in games & sports, club activities and academic forums. I

Social Assessment of Family Resource Centers Essay

Social Assessment of Family vision Centers - Essay useOne such source would be institutions known as Family alternative Centers.According to a fall in for Family Resource Centers through the state of Colorado, their mission would remain to be seen as, Working as a accelerator pedal inwardly high-risk urban and rural communities, family imagination centers utilize a comprehensive and proven community-based plan of attack to improving health, social, educational and economic outcomes for entire families, not just individuals, (Family Resource, p.1). Socially speaking, these agencies would be in place, for the overall purpose, of aiding families with basic needs that are otherwise not being met. By providing the necessary education, so that these respective families may be able to overcome their current circumstances and be able to master a better standard of living.In terms of a policy assessment, the act of engaging those closely affected by the problem, in the quest of impro ving their own life, would appear to be the most adept of the suggested options. Essentially, Greater than the sum of its parts, FRCA provides a safety net of quality services to vulnerable families and children across Colorado, (Family Resource, p.1). ... Essentially, Greater than the sum of its parts, FRCA provides a safety net of quality services to vulnerable families and children across Colorado, (Family Resource, p.1). The policy of this institution at its core would be the providing of aid and encouragement, for the betterment of all susceptible families within the Colorado area.In times of both state, as well as federal economic woes, it bum become quite easy for some, to approach different programs in terms of assessing their benefits and determining if they should be spared the mown from the budget rolls, or in fact, are not viable enough and ultimately, should be cut from expenditures made. To pull out the argument for this program, a letter was composed by Bill Micha els, who would serve as the State executive Director of the Family Resource Center Association, Inc. As part of his central argument, Mr. Michaels asserts, Despite seemingly insurmountable odds, Colorados family resource centers are committed to ensuring that families across the state have access to resources in their communities that will enable them to continue and prosper, (Michaels, p.1). For those who are in charge of allocating the funds for various programs, the assertion made by Bill Michaels, would be done so for the sake of maintaining the relevance and ultimate need remaining for the program that he would be in charge of. The issue of funding would further be addressed by Mr. Michaels in his letter, in this mannerThe work of Colorados family resource centers is made possible bycontributions from individuals and organizations. Their generosity allows the centers to continue their efforts on behalf of Coloradosfamilies.

Best war ever Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Best fight ever - Essay ExampleHow to make this Planet Earth heaven-like? The answer is simple and straightforward. Eyes in full of understanding, hearts full of love and the life that refuses conflicts-enough, these alone are enough But when the war is declared, the intent of the country involved in the war, is to win the war, no matter how it wins The advanced technology was brutally utilize in World War II, and it served very well, the ultimate purpose of any warto win the war, to oddment the war and to secure peaceThe main objective of the war-related technology is to win the war with minimum casualties. Technologically, the States was superior on all counts than its enemies in war. It helped to contain and defeat its foremost enemy, Japan. To start with, Japans maritime technology and fighting methods, innovative in the beginning-stages of the war, quickly lagged behind the Allies. Japan lost naval air-battles because its ships and planes did not have the radar.(Adams, p.6 2)Air-power dominated during II World War. There was not much difference in their enjoyments like reconnaissance, bombers, fighters and ground-support though each area was technologically far advanced. Some additional roles were seen for the aircrafts in WW II. face lifting the fighting forces and move quickly high-priority supplies, strategic bombing, targeted bombing of the civilian areas to hamper enemy industrial take and inflict casualties to destroy the morale.At the beginning of the war aeronautical warfare played limited role and little success was achieved. But actions at Pearl Harbor, the South China Sea, Taranto, and the Coral Sea changed the complexion of the war. America had the decided advantage in technology. For many, including a majority of survivors from the era, the war years have begin Americas golden age, a peak in the life of society when everything worked out and the dangerous guys

Human longevity, how trans fat affects longevity Essay

Human longevity, how trans fat affects longevity - turn out ExampleAll of the fats consumed argon essentially a mixture of saturated and polyunsaturated fats. Fats have been a fiber of the diet of humanity from the very almost the very beginning of time in the stub that was consumed, and gradually change magnitude when human beings found the means to extract vegetable oils from sources like coconuts, palms and olives, gradually expanding to a wide range of vegetable sources. Therefore consumption of fat in appropriate quantities was a part of human diet for a very long period of time, and consumption of appropriate quantities of suitably extracted and stored wight or vegetable fats need non have a detrimental impact on the wellness of an singular. It is when unsuitably extracted and stored fats are consumed that there is a greater emphasis on health hazards. To prevent fats from get rancid or spoiled a suffice of hydrogenation of fats was introduced in the early nineteenth c entury. This process, which hardens the vegetable oils, has disposed us products like margarine and shortening. Trans fats or trans fatty acids are mainly these partially hydrogenated vegetable oils that are used in growing proportions in food products, but not necessarily the only source. plenteous frying of food products is also capable of adding trans fats to the food products. The detrimental effects of trans fats on the health of an mortal and the rising quantum of its consumption have become research subjects. Evidence from this interest has shown that both these factors have a negative impact on the life span of an individual.Aging is a natural and normal process in any individual. Yet there is a difference in the manner that physical abilities of an individual diminish with age. There is increased evidence from research that increase in physiological changes like increased blood sugar and cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure and weight gain do not contribute to nor mal aging

Finance D 1-4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

finance D 1-4 - Essay ExampleIn situations where a company is highly dependent on world-wide sales the firm must utilize advanced financial tools such as hedging in order to diminish the exchange rate risk. Hedging is protecting a long position in one asset while being short in another in order to chasten overall risk (Teweles & Bradley & Teweles, 1992, p.537).A terra firma such as Afghanistan is a third world verdant / developing economy with major problems for potential investors from United States or any other G8 developed nation. In the case of the United States the current War on Terror declared by George Bush younger created a cultural barrier for American companies to penetrate this market due to resentment from the population against anything that is American. In general terms the civil warfare that continues in this nation due to the Holy War makes it a security risk for any company due to suicidal bombers and other Para-military activity. The economic state of this far ming is weak, thus its citizen have a lack of purchasing power.Three countries that should be targeted by United States crapper as foreign direct investment opportunities are India, United Kingdom and Japan. India has the second largest population in the world after China with over one billion inhabitants. The size of the market is huge which is a good characteristic. Another thing that makes India attractive is the educational level among the population which is good and the fact that the state has an establish infrastructure to export professional services via a telecommuting system.A second country that is good target for international expansion of American firms is the United Kingdom. The monetary unit of the UK, the pound, is one of the strongest units in the world. The culture of the UK is very assimilated with the US culture which is a very good factor. The United Kingdom has a population of 60,776,238

Competition and Business Risk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Competition and Business Risk - Assignment Examplehe someone reflective account will act as an overview of the strategies that were implemented by liberty chit Start footwear through the transaction strategy game (BSG) that was played from year 11 to year 15 on a period of 5 weeks. The major aim of this reflective tell is be to make an military rating of my knowledge of how to run a caper by making use of the business strategy game. The report will also highlight how I used the Belbins typology to analyse my team members and myself, the theories that I have put up helpful from other courses that studied on my masters programme, and what I have leant in relation to business strategy. Figures and facts retrieved from business strategy game will be provided to support the reports arguments in the report such as the image rating and investor expectation as shown in the figure below.The business strategy game (BSG) offers me practice to make business decisions. The game also enab les me to learn how to come up with strategies for taking in a highly competitive market. It also enables me to be held answerable for my actions, in comparison to the business managers who are held responsible for their firms performance in the real world (Thompson, Stappenbeck, & Reidenbach, 201333).The other eudaimonia is that we can learn more of the BSG exercise by taking up a role a business expert attempting to attain the best organizational performance by making use of managerial prudence and responsible business approaches (Thompson, Stappenbeck, & Reidenbach, 201334).BSG gives the opportunity to put what I have learnt into action in mold to gain some expertise in applying the skill of strategic analysis. I was able to access the nigh recent industry-wide developments, create a long-term direction for my company H, create and attain strategic pecuniary goals, and lastly, I came up with ways of producing best results and possibly result to gaining some competitive advan tage. Consequently, there the results for Head Start Footwear

Value Added Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Value Added - Essay recitationThe difference is usually seen in the quantity of the components included when calculating the survey added. Two ways eat been suggested when obtained the value added for an arranging. First, there is the subtraction method where purchases are deducted from sales figure. Secondly, the addition method that sums up the profits, interests, depreciation, paysheet and so on The two methods are explained towards riches creation in the additive method and distribution of wealth in the subtraction method. Either of the two methods, should give the same figure of the value added in a business (Haslam and Neale, 2000, 35) The value added is demonstrated below Gross output (A) (minus) Bought in items, services (B) -------------delivers----------Valued added--------distributed to----- wages, consumption, capital, profits In a countrys records, the gross output represents the gross income from different industries. All purchases that are make by the government are then deducted, to arrive at the value added. To understand this concept, accounting instruction from Walmart Company is adopted and illustrated below. Example Walmart Company income statement has been reviewed for the social classs 2011 and 2010. Figures all in $one thousand thousand stratum 2011 Year 2010 Sales revenue 421,849.0 408,085 Less Purchases made 315,287.0 304,444.0 Value added 106,562.0 103,641.0 Expenses wages, administration. ... The value added per employee is obtained by dividing the figure work out by the overall number of employees in a Company. The real value for 2011 for Walmart, would then be 106,562.0/2,100,000= $0.05 million per employee (Haslam and Neale, 2000, 55). The extent to which value added, billsflow, and profit connected to Companys sales performance, is determined by critically analysing the realisation of the Companys goal i.e. shareholders wealth creation. The value added shows the net value which excludes dealings from suppliers. The w ealth so created is distributed amongst the expenditure, profits and capital of the firm. The cashflow statement shows the amount of cash that comes in the organisation e.g. from sales and cash out i.e. for the various expenditures undertaken. Cash expenditure in a company is includes cash for investments, dividends paid, cash for operations etc. Cash inflow includes turnover, gain on sale of assets, interest income etc. To balance the cashflow, the cash outflow is subtracted from the cash inflow to get a deficit or a surplus. The resulting figure is the liquid money in the firm. This is related to the value added as both look at the companys performance. If the resulting figure is a deficit, then the company is making losses and the performance is poor. frailty Versa is also true. True cash representation is assessed by the cashflow in and out of the Companys operations. any(prenominal) activities that do not involve cash e.g. outstanding debts, suppliers and outstanding debts ar e not incorporated. The cashflow depicts the true cost of a business as it paves ways for a cash budget to be created for the following year laying emphasis on the previous years cash spending. The shareholders of an organisation

Fossils and the Geologic Column Essay Example for Free

Fossils and the Geologic Column EssayStarting from the 18th Century, scientist had been able to provide methods of knowing the demesnes prehistory. One of this is the use of fossils to determine the relative age of strata. Fossils are the remains of living organisms that had lived massive judgment of conviction ago while strata are the geological divisions each made out of contiguous layers that exhibits reproducible characteristics. Comparing the sets of fossils that exist within different localities gives a hint for geologist whether the layers concerned are of the same strata or not. The relative age of the localities could be based on the fossils relative age that is hence determined through carbon dating. As scientist had established that fossils of a certain organism had lived within a certain span of time, it is hence compared to other organism which would be also found out to soak up lived within that same time span. Their similarities would be drawn out that made possible the broader division of the primings history into earned run averages namely the Cenozoic Era or the Age of Recent life, Mesozoic Era or the Age of the Medieval Life, and the Palaeozoic Era or the Age of the Ancient Life.Each of them would be get ahead divided into Periods, which is then based on the disturbances that had been theorized to shape the earths crust. The time span that is believed that no fossils can be found out is called the Precambrian Period. In analyzing figure 3. 6, we could tell that the three localities though skirt many kilometers a character, have fossil assemblages because almost all of them have Dictyoclostus americanus from the Pennsylvanian Period, Prolecanites gurleyi from Mississippian Period, Palmatolepus unicornis from Devonian Period and Bathyurus extans from Ordovian Period.This states that the three localities had been for some time span or period had been part of the earths outer crust. Though locality 3 had Stratum D and Prolecanites g urleyi missing, this that not means that locality 3 does not exist as part of the earths crust because either stratum D was never deposited there or it whitethorn had been there but then removed through erosion. The boundary between C and E then would be a disconformity.References Index Fossils. Retrieved June 6, 2008 from http//pubs. usgs. gov/gip/geotime/fossils. html

Internal and External Factors Essay Example for Free

Internal and away Factors EssayExternal Factors Laura Smalt XMGT/230 May 12, 2013 Dr. B Internal and External Factors The organization I chose to write around is Subway restaurants. I have worked in management in two different locations, and have had a firsthand look at what goes into the quadruple functions of management and how they interlock with entirely(prenominal) other. If I were to consider the cookery aspect of this organization it is amazing the amount of work, projecting, forecasting, and implementation that it entails.Factors such as globalization play a huge role simply because this organization has over twenty thousand locations in seventy-eighty countries. The thriftiness, trends, cultures, and habits in each region be taken into consideration in the planning function. When planning, corporate must consider the economy in each region, which is why one region may have a different periodic special than another. Organizing all of this also falls into the pl anning phase, because everything needs planned with individual market material, and upbringing materials.Other factors have effects on all this as well. Keeping up with the current engineering science for instance, helps to cargo deck their locations running smoothly and efficiently. Being one of the worlds largest sandwich franchises requires planning and organizing to keep up with changing innovations, and to create new menu options that keep them competitive with others. When you look at the four functions of management as a whole, it is easy to notice that not only does each function interlock, provided also the organizing function interlocks with both planning and leading.In order to maintain uniform locations that atomic number 18 all kept up to franchise standards systems must be put in place. This is also an excellent put on the line to provide confront line support on location where it is needed most. I think in this function factors such as diversity and ethnics ha ve a tremendous impact. Because these require so a great deal interaction, these factors must be considered. For example, if the regional representative shows up for the monthly sales and promotions meeting or for the give to all-Spanish speaking location there would be major communication issues.To address this all regional representatives are custom chosen for the areas they cover. These are the locations linked to corporate, and their leaders to keep in compliance. Because diversity and ethnics can enshroud so much it is essential for management to know how to work with both. For example, management can assign a task to any employee, but if that employee does not have that skill to complete the task in the end, the results are less than desirable. Because of this management must need to know how to assign tasks and work with the diversity they have in the employees.Ethnics on the other hand should be uniform and level throughout the organization, because it aligns management and all personnel within the company in behaviors, and values. Ethnics also play a major role in national relations, because the organizations ethnics reflect the image the public has of them. This is all brought together with the controlling function of management. observe the entire organization, developing new ideas, and applying changes happen here. This includes monitoring sales, controlling costs, and ad fittinging as needed.If a promotion in a certain region is performing badly, then marketing may be tasked with analyzing that market once more to see if a different promotion or strategy would work better there. Cost control would be monitored with the control function, things such as logistics, internal communications, purchasing, and human resources all need to be overseen and adjust as market and profits allow or demand. To summarize internal and external factors such as globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethnics affect almost every aspect of any orga nization.From the top of CEO of the organization down to the front line managers, these factors affect both on a daily basis. When making decisions all these things must be considered and applied to the specific market or situation. Just as the point of sale manager must consider diversity when making decisions about assignments, and day-to-day operations so must the upper level executive when dealing with the diversity place upon him when dealing with shareholders, or other organizational officers. Globalization affects just about any organization in existence as well.With digital age comes the need to deal not only with the local influences and factors, but with global as well. Technology and innovation I do not think can be ignored or escaped in any organization today. Again, with the digital age so many people rely on social applications and similar venues for marketing and development that to ignore this be a serious error. Depending on the organization, these functions are ne cessary for some. The world has drop dead too competitive to not monitor these and keep up with ones competition.

Resistance to Change Essay Example for Free

Resistance to Change sampleThe formula states that, to overcome the resistance to change, these three components must all be present (dissatisfaction, vision, and first step). An nerve must pay back dissatisfaction with the current situation, a vision of the possibilities the future can bring, and attainable first steps to reach the vision. If any of the three is zero or near zero, the product will also be zero or near zero and the resistance to change will dominate (Rouda Kusy, 1995). One of the models of OD interventions is Action Research. It follows three major procedures.First, data would be collected regarding the current system in sexual relation to the objective, goal, or need of that system. Then, selected variables within the system would be altered based on the research. Finally, the results would be evaluated (French Bell, 1990 cited in Rouda Kusy, 1995). On the other hand, discipline and learning (TD) is a learning process that involves a systematic train ing of individuals expertise to improve the doing of the individual and the organic law (Swanson, 2003 Rouda Kusy, 1996).The desired results of TD can be classified into quaternity categories reaction, learning, behavior or performance, and outcome or results. Reaction involves the evaluation of the training program (e. g. , trainee satisfaction). Learning focuses on the change in the participants after the training (e. g. , change in skills, association, or attitudes). Behavior or performance is the application of learning gained from the training to the job or organization. Finally, outcomes or results relate the impact of training on the productivity and profitability of the organization.TD is usually evaluated using the last two categories, i. e. , the transfer of learning to the success of the organization and its overall impact on the organization (Kirkpatrick, 1983 cited in Rouda Kusy, 1996). For effective and efficient training, a planned instructional systems design ( ISD) process is implemented for the assessment, design, development, implementation and evaluation of training. ISD begins with organizational needs assessment, which involves surveying, identifying and prioritizing training needs, analyzing the causes of performance problems and opportunities, and identifying viable resolvents. Needs assessment is necessary to determine if the training will be cost-effective and if it is the appropriate solution (Rouda Kusy, 1996). The training design should include an analysis of the learners characteristics, the place where work will be performed, and the expected tasks and duties to be performed by the trainees. A complete review of the subject matter should also be conducted and the goals and performance objectives of the training must be established. A plan to evaluate the training should be devised and the instructional materials and strategies must be obtained, prepared, and pre-tested.Factors Affecting the Future Trends of HRD Practices A study was conducted by Ruona and her colleagues (2002) to identify the factors affecting the practice of HRD and its role in the future. Results showed that globalization, technology, changing organization and workforce demographics, and the ability of HRD to keep up with the changes in the environment are the forces that form HRD. The prevalence of globalization looks HRD practitioners to understand and integrate further intercultural practices in the organization, as opposed to imposing a western view on individuals in other countries.The rapid technological development, on the other hand, would have a significant impact on learning practices, such as e-learning and virtual offices. Hopkins and her associates (2006) added that the scarcity of computing machine literate employees poses an overwhelming challenge in creating HRD programs, as it hampers instruction and learning process. Meanwhile, as globalization and technology prompt changes in the organization, the workforce demographics have become increasingly diversified, driving the force that would revolutionize HRD practices.Thus, on that point is a need to examine whether current HRD practices of an organization have the ability to adapt to the changing conditions in the organization (Ruona, et al. , 2002). Changes in the role of HRD in future were also identified. The findings of the study revealed that learning, change and organization system, and friendship management and creation are the key roles of HRD in an organization. HRD practitioners identified learning and human development as the highest competitive advantage of the field.They emphasized the importance of the effective use and systematic integration of learning methodologies in the organization. They urge HRD to focus on creating cultures that would foster an environment that is truly conducive to learning, such as duty assignment challenging tasks and implementing reward systems that encourage learning. The rapid changes taking place in the organization also require HRD practitioners to assist people to overcome their resistance to the changes. These people also need to be assisted in coping up with the changes.Future trends also dictate that HRD must fulfill its role in creating and managing knowledge to prevent information overload (Ruona, et al. , 2002).ConclusionAkdere, M. Conceicao, S. (2006). Integration of human resource development and adult learning theories and practices Implications for organizational learning. Academy of Human Resource Development International Conference Proceedings, 295-301. Columbus, Ohio De Silva, S. Human resource development for competitiveness a priority for employers. Geneva ILO, 1998

Rate Relief in Tort-Reform States Essay Example for Free

Rate Relief in civil wrong- straighten out States EssayAny act that is illegal, and not criminal, which may similarly be called a civil crime is a Tort. The attempt to, change court cases so as to avoid false verdicts that run into thousands of dollars is called Tort reform. A vehicle accident is one of the common types of civil wrong legal suits regarding malpractices in the medical checkup checkup fields ar also torts.Tort reforms usually include honour a limited amount of money for any type of damage like accidents, ail, distress and noetic agony. For example in a car accident, the damage done to the car is $ 4,000 and the amount you need for medical treatment is 4,000. You get down a total of $ 8,000 as economic damages. If you receive like say $ 5,000 for the pain and agony you have to undergo, it would come under non-economic damages. accord to studies non-economic pates resulted in reduction in losses for familiar and medical malpractice c over, a decreased p remium and greater profit for insurers, for medical malpractice legal responsibility insurers. Which bring forward resulted in a greater decline in the number of cases filed. On the other hand, physicians all over the country were looking for extra tort reform from the state officials in the 2005 legislative meeting.The stability of the policy premium towards medical liability is the main goal of the physicians. In Connecticut physicians were looking for a cap on non-economic damages and a relief in insurance premium. In South Carolina, doctors pressed for a cap of $250,000 on non-economic damages and asked for removal of the ban against compulsory negotiations among patients and doctor.Rate Relief in Tort-Reform States fit in to some doctors and lawmakers, there is still a long way to go before they recover from the medical liability crisis. Texas is one of the crisis states among the19 states according to the American Medical Association, in which doctors are resigning, restrai ning high-risk procedures and retiring early on on because they cant find or afford the money for insurance.The passage of Proposition 12, which restricted non-economic damages in liability awards and payments at $250,000 per physician. After the passing of Proposition 12, which guaranteed the introduction of caps accepted previously by the Texas legislature, some physicians in Texas already reported genuine premium savings. Neal Sklaver, FACP, who was a general internist with Medical Specialists Associated in Dallas, is incredibly satisfied that his premium payments have plummeted roughly $5,000 since the Proposition 12 was passed in September 2003. According to some physicians the Proposition 12 helped the doctors, but they can be still be sued for anything.Until all liability carriers bring down their rates, the advantages of Proposition 12 might continue to elude some doctors, particularly those who are not specialized where previous rates were very high. What copms to be more disturbing is that, even doctors whose payments have reduced said that they have got used to practicing protective medicine, after so many years of functional in a malpractice setting.Whatever the outcome, but the tort reform is a very important standard by the Government, which should be handled carefully. One in fifty operations might go wrong by a doctor. Accidents happen by everyone, it is human nature to err, and we as humans should try to forgive the doctors, and see to it that they are not burdened by huge premiums,Rate Relief in Tort-Reform Stateswhich will be an obstacle in their career. The medical profession is one of the important and much needed profession.ReferencesWhat Is Tort Reform And Why Is It Bad For The Public, Corpreform.com. Retrieved 23 whitethorn 2007, http//www.corpreform.com/corpreform/2003/10/what_is_tort_re.htmlBonnie Darves, Texas tort reform, American College of Physicians, Retrieved 23 May 2007, http//www.acponline.org/journals/news/jan05/tortrefo rm.htmTanya Albert, Tort reform gives Texas doctors some relief, American Medical News, Retrieved 23 May 2007, http//www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2004/05/17/prsc0517.htmKathy Gill, Tort Reform State Recap, About.com, Retrieved 23 May 2007, http//uspolitics.about.com/od/healthcare/a/01_tort_reform.htmThe Issues Tort Reform, CBS Evening News, Retrieved 23 May 2007, http//www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/11/01/eveningnews/main652747.shtmlCharles Kolodkin, Tort Reform and Its Impact on Medical Malpractice Insurance, IRMI.com, Retrieved 23 May 2007, http//www.irmi.com/ full/Articles/2003/Kolodkin03.aspx

Formative Assessment Essay Example for Free

Formative Assessment EssayAssessment is regularly conducted by classroom teachers to determine whether students learn the lessons or have acquired the skills they have been taught. However, the prevailing concept of estimation is that it is tending(p) after lessons. It is also viewed as extra work that consumes time that would have been better spent in teaching. Some teachers do not even have the adequate knowledge as to how to assess flop having foc enforced more on how to teach (in contrast with how to assess) during their years in teacher training school. As a consequence, assessment results tend to function as a periodic snapshot of student proficiency and as predictors of student performance on the end-of-year statewide tests ( hereditary pattern, 2007) rather than a withall to helper teachers during instruction. This direct is the reason why formative assessment should be implemented. Heritage defines formative assessment as a systematic process to continuously gath er evidence about learning. The data are used to order a students current level of learning and to adapt lessons to help the student scope the desired learning goal (2007). It involves strategies which notify be categorized into three types On-the-fly-assessment which requires the teacher to provide nimble pop-up lessons right during discussions to correct students misconceptions Planned-for-interaction which requires teachers to think of questions beforehand which would make students think and explore ideas during discussion time and, Curriculum-embedded assessment where the teacher solicits feedback by talking with the students about ongoing classroom activities like seatwork, board work or students notes.There are four core elements of formative assessment (Heritage, 2007). First, it is a besotteds for teachers to identify the bedcover between the students current status in learning and the desired educational goals. Second, it is designed to provide feedback at multiple lev els. Third, it encourages student involvement in the daily classroom discussion. Finally, it aims to help teachers develop learning progressions. To use formative assessment successfully, however, teachers also need to possess certain knowledge and skills.Teachers must have acres knowledge of their subject area of expertise pedagogical knowledge knowledge of their students previous learning and assessment knowledge or knowing a variety of proper assessment strategies. With regards to the required skills, the successful executing of formative assessment can only occur if teachers are competent to create classroom conditions where learners chance a sense of community and can critique each other without fear. They must also help students learn how to assess themselves.Teachers must be skilled in analyzing student inferences. Finally, they must be able to match instruction to the gap in the present skill level or knowledge of the learner. Heritages article provides a convincing argu ment for formative assessment as it points out the ineffectualness of current assessment methods to actually help the learner. When students perform poorly in periodical and annual exams, it becomes too late to do something about things. Students either get low grades or are not promoted to the near level.Something could have been done halfway through the school year had formative assessments been conducted. However, formative assessment can only be seen today as an alternative to the existing views since year-end statewide assessments, for example, would be a hard practice to do away with. The present school system, specifically the public schools, have been practicing handed-down assessment methods for decades, even the new curriculum and programs do not change things.Nevertheless, the article introduces a challenge to educators and administrators to try this alternative if it is being lamented that the quality of the aptitude skills of the students has been regressing every y ear. School administrators should mind the rationale pot formative assessment, which is placing more emphasis towards reforming student performance rather than the punishment-reward system that the traditional method offers.Of course, this would mean additional training for teachers who are not used to employing formative assessment in their own classrooms and changes in the curricula of teacher training schools. Then again, the benefits of formative assessment as enumerated in the article far outmatch all cost considerations.Reference Heritage, Margaret. (2007, October). Formative Assessment What do teachers need to know and do? Phi Delta Kappan, pp. 140-145.

Finches in the Galapagos Islands Essay Example for Free

Finches in the Galapagones Islands EssayEnglish naturalist, Charles Darwin, believed the finches he collected and ascertained on the Galapagos Islands shared a common ancestor because he found they all greatly resembled a bird located on the Ecuadorian coast off South America. When Darwin initially began his journey on the Beagle, he was biased toward the widely accepted idea that every living thing on humans was a divine creation, which remained unchanging and existing as it was originally created. However, when Darwin arrived on the Galapagos Island he began to see a flaw in this theory. Examining and collecting the islands animal population closely and carefully he began to see otherworldly similarities between the animals upon the island and the animals on the South America mainland.For cause, Darwin discovered that the fossils of extinct armadillos and the currently living armadillo population on the island had many of the same features, though the current population of armadillos had certain characteristic that helped it survive in the islands environment. utilise this, the finches and other animal specimens, he was struck by the idea that this animals must have migrated long ago from South America to the island, giving rise to a new and thriving animal population.Darwin was also adequate to conclude the finches shared a common ancestor from the written works of Charles Lyell and Thomas Malthus. While navigation on the Beagle toward the island, he was able to read and analyze Charles Lyells Princeples of Geology which, discussed in great detail, the Jean Batispe Lamarck theory of evolution. He believed animal structures evolved over time due to frequent use or disuse, and was eventually passed through to their offspring. For example he proposed the lengthing of the giraffes neck was due in part to the trees it lived among. In order for it to obtain its food it had to exsert its neck forward and reach up. Lamarck, believe, over time, the giraff es structure eventually began to get longer and longer as it was passed from each genernertaion of offspring.

Metaphysics and Monism Essay Example for Free

Metaphysics and Monism EssayPeople ar monists, dualists or pluralists depending on whether or not they believe that truth is composed of one, two or more nubbles. These limits may be represented as here indicated. Hindus, Buddhists and Animists are for the most part monists. They believe that reality is one and that every intimacy that exists is a functioning part of that whole which is spirit. westerly man for the most part may be c solelyed a monist also as he believes that idol is dead and matter is the only substance to reality. Bible believing Christians would be pluralists. In philosophy of mind, monism is ordinarily contrasted with the dualist position that mind and matter are deeply different. Thus, monism is the claim that mind and matter essentially the same. However, this sameness has come in a number of different and contradictory varieties. For example, Hobbes felt that the intellectual is merely and epiphenomena of the personal, in that locationfrom the physical is the one real substance (Contemporary materialism is also a form of physicalistic monism (see Churchland, 1996).In verbatim contrast, Berkeley postulated that the physical is just a collection of ideas (hence, noble-mindedness) and thus the amiable is the only thing that really exists. Finally, there are a number of positions similar to Spinozas property dualism, often referred to as dual-aspect theory. Spinoza held a position in which the mental and the physical are simply two modes of a more basic substance (it should be noted that strictly speaking, Spinoza was not a property dualist as he held that the mental and the physical were two of a possible infinite number of modes of the basic substance, nevertheless he is typically labeled as one).For Spinoza, this basic substance was God. Thus the only real thing is God, who is neither physical nor mental. Spinozas position is similar to that of Russells neutral monism, however the latter is not committed to the belief t hat a unequivocal cosmos is the more basic substance. General Information Monism is any doctrine based on the surmise of a single underlying principle. Metaphysical monism allows that only one being or type of being exists.A substantial metaphysical monism asserts that the variety in our phenomenal experience is due to the different states of a single all-encompassing substance, for example, Parmenides Plenum or Baruch Spinozas God or Nature. An attributive monism admits many substances but asserts that they are all of the same kind, for example, atoms or G. W. von Leibnizs monads. Epistemological monism identifies that which is immediately present to the knowing mind with the real object cognize.every the content of the mind is equated with the object known (epistemological realism), or the object known is equated with the knowing mind (epistemological idealism). Monism as a philosophic term was premier used by Christian Wolff to designate philosophies that attempted to pas s up the mind-body dichotomy. Monism (Greek monos,single), in philosophy, is a doctrine that ultimate reality is entirely of one substance. Monism is thus opposed to some(prenominal) dualism and pluralism. Three basic types of monism are recognized materialistic monism, escapistic monism, and the mind-stuff theory.According to the first doctrine, everything in the universe, including mental phenomena, is reduced to the one category of matter. In the second doctrine, matter is regarded as a form of expression of mind and in the third doctrine, matter and mind are considered merely aspects of each other. Although monistic philosophies period from ancient Greece, the term monism is comparatively recent. It was first used by the 18th-century German philosopher Christian von Wolff to designate types of philosophical thought in which the attempt was made to eliminate the dichotomy of body and mind.Although he was not known by the term, the 17th-century Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza was one of the most influential monists. He taught that both material and uncanny phenomena are attributes of one underlying substance. His doctrine strongly anticipated the mind-stuff theory. Advanced Information Although the term was first used by German philosopher Christian Wolff (1679-1754), monism is a philosophical position with a long accounting dating back to the pre-Socratic philosophers who appealed to a single unifying principle to explain all the innovation of discover experience.Notable among these thinkers is Parmenides, who maintained that reality is an undifferentiated oneness, or unity, and that consequently real change or indistinguishability of things are there? Substantival monism (one thing) is the view that there is only one substance and that all diversity is ultimately unreal. This view was maintained by Spinoza, who claimed that there is only one substance, or independently actual thing, and that both God and the universe are aspects of this substanc e. In addition to having many eminent proponents in the westward philosophical usage, substantival monism is a tenet of Hinduism and Buddhism.In Hinduism each element of reality is part of maya or prakriti, and in Buddhism all things ultimately comprise an interrelated network. Attributive monism (one category) holds that there is one kind of thing but many different individual things in this category. Materialism and idealism are different forms of attributive monism. The materialist holds that the one category of existence in which all real things are found is material, while the idealist says that this category is mental. All monisms oppose the dualistic view of the universe, which holds that both material and immaterial (mental and spiritual) realities exist.Attributive monism disagrees with substantival monism in asserting that reality is ultimately composed of many things rather than one thing. Many prima(p) philosophers have been attributive monists, including Bertrand Rus sell and Thomas Hobbes on the materialistic side, and G. W. Leibniz and George Berkeley in the idealist camp. The Christian intellectual tradition has generally held that substantival monism fails to do justice to the distinction between God and creature, and that of attributive monisms only idealism is theologically acceptable.

Harassment Essay Example for Free

worrying EssayHarassment at the workplace is one of the major issues that the cordial reception industry faces. According to Yeung (2004), the cordial reception industry has much(prenominal) peculiar characteristics that withdraw ethical issues particularly important. Drawing on various studies conducted by among separates Vallen and Casado, Weaver et al, Enghagen and Hott, and on the basis of his own studies, Yeung (2004) particularly identifies issues much(prenominal) as sexual torment, and agony on the basis of race and ethnic affiliation as one of the most outstanding issues in the cordial reception industry. According to Perry (2008), employee curse within the hospitality industry is rampant, and takes the form of sexual urge, racial, or ethnic discrimination. While cases of harassment in other industries be declining, in the hospitality industry employee harassment cases atomic number 18 on the show up (Perry, 2008). This underside be attributed to various reasons, chief of which is the circumstance that the hospitality industry is characterised by a deep ethnic diversity.With many ethnic groups working together within the restaurant setting, for example, Perry (2008, p. 2) writes that the friction that generally buy the farms amidst the kitchen and waitstaff often manifests itself in insults and epithets which maneuver race, ethnicity and gender. Additionally, managers in the hospitality industry have taken to socializing with or dating non-management employees, many of whom are in their teens or pre-teen years, which has the potential of triggering off a sexual harassment honorsuit (Perry, 2008).Another equally important contributory factor to the high levels of employee harassment within the hospitality industry has to do with the dysfunctional rates of employee perturbation within the hospitality industry. In the UK for example, Anonymous (2006) estimates that employee turnover is so high that by 2014 an extra 850,000 em ployees would be necessitateed by the UK hospitality industry.According to Perry (2008), the fact that many employees are leaving the industry, and many others joining the industry, makes it uttermost(prenominal)ly difficult to tailor readiness programs much(prenominal) as gender awareness training, which has in turn direct to the runaway rates of harassment cases. to date another feature of the hospitality industry is that it is frequented by a lot of young employees, most of whom are in their teens, and for whom subjects as who is remaindering with who are popular topics with them, a factor that has in many ways helped spark off lawsuits even in cases where such claims have merely been rumors (Perry, 2008).According to Rocsigno, Lopez and Hodson (2009), harassment at the workplace is triggered off by events that are some(prenominal) external and internal to arrangings. Harassment can occur in three ways. It can be a top down process (where subordinate employees are haras sed by their managers or supervisors), lateral (where subordinate employees are harassed by their own peers), or a bottoms up process. According to Eaton (2004), within the hospitality industry, non-employees (guests) may in any case direct harassment at employees.Eaton (2004) states that while the law is very unequivocal when it comes to the need for establishments within the hospitality industry to both close out and remedy sexual harassment in the workplace when carried out against employees by other employees or supervisors, when it comes to harassment against the employees by guests, it is to a greater point interested in what the hospitality operator did to remedy the commission rather than what he did to prevent it.The law requires that the operators take reasonable ca drill to remedy such situations, but what is reasonable is leftover to the discretion of the judge or jury. Ajagunna (2006, p. 259) overly states that guests may be harassed and draws on a fill he conduc ted on the impact of harassment of tourists in Jamaica by beach boys, street vendors, art and finesse vendors, taxi operators and beggars Roscigno, Lopez and Hodson (2009) identify various manifestations of harassment at the workplace ranging from physical assault to the understated extreme of psychological attacks.In between, we have forms such as constant criticism of the employees or unwarranted dispraise of their opinions. Verbal attacks, the use of demeaning language against an employee, disgraceful comments about the person, or isolation of the employee are other manifestations of harassment. Additionally, employees may be harassed by beingness made the subject of practical jokes, by being overworked, or being subjected to unreasonable pressure or being given unreasonable deadlines.Other common ways through which employees are harassed include sabotaging their work, imposing responsibilities that are way beyond their might to perform, or being excessively monitored by thei r managers or supervisors. Causes of harassment In their evaluation of harassment at the workplace, Roscigno, Lopez and Hodson (2009) explain that harassment occurs when offenders get the chance to hit out at their victims because capable guardians are not present.In such an instance, junior employees are powerless against their supervisors or managers, who can then harass them at leave behind. Towards this end, the writers identify various causes of harassment, the first one of which is race and ethnicity. While an employees race and ethnicity accentuates the disparities between him and his baby buster employees in as far as status and power are concerned, it makes the employee an easy and soft target for harassment, especially in the event that the employee is a member of a minority group.These employees tend to be more isolated from the dominant groups leading(p) to a high degree of harassment against them (Roscigno, Lopez and Hodson, 2009). Ones gender also plays a big part i n influencing harassment at the workplace, with female employees often presence the brunt of unwelcome sexual advances which may be displayed through touching, the use of off-color jokes, the display of material with hard-core sexual content, and so on (Roscigno, Lopez and Hodson, 2009).In particular, Eaton identifies two kinds of sexual harassment recognized by law the quid pro quo type where sexual favors are either explicitly or implicitly solicited in return for a byplay or a job benefit, and the use of unwelcome physical or verbal behavior against an employee by virtue of his or her gender, and which is detrimental to him or her. Harassment also results from occupational and status disparities.Rocsigno, Lopez and Hodson (2009) report that lower cadres of employees are often measly wages and allowances, and given that they report to supervisors who grapple a lot of influence and authority, they are easy targets of harassment. Conversely, the authors write that employees who possess high levels of education are not easily amenable to harassment for the reason that they tend to be more conversant with employee security rights as well as with unfairness procedures (Rosigno, Lopez and Hodson, 2009). Rocsigno, Lopez and Hodson (2009) also identify high levels of job insecurity as a contributor to harassment at the workplace.They adduce documentary evidence to show that increasing job insecurity at the workplace has sparked off increases in workplace harassment. For example, an increasingly competitive environment has led to many organizations outsourcing roughly of their non-core functions, in the process laying off some of their workers and increasingly making use of contingent employees. According to Rocsigno, Lopez and Hodson (2009), many employers are exploiting the fear employees have of losing their jobs to make them agree to things they would ordinarily not assent to.The writers indicate that the use of explicit or implicit sack threats to get wor kers doing what their employers or supervisors sine qua non is rife. Contingent workers also perform work that is of low value, and are more amenable to intimidation by their employers (Rosigno, Lopez and Hodson, 2009). Yet another cause of workplace harassment identified is that where employees harass their fellow employees because they are in competition and feel threatened that their fellow employees are better than them and are thus likely to make them look bad (Rosigno, Lopez and Hodson, 2009).In addition, the organization culture espoused or enacted by the hospitality establishment also plays a big rile in either contributing to or lessening harassment at the workplace. For example, an organizational culture that seeks to exercise high control of employees (through the use of techniques such as standard in operation(p) procedures and excessive supervision) is likely to result in higher incidences of harassment at the workplace as debate to those which seek to empower rather than control.Another aspect of the organization that has been found to be critical in either ameliorating or worsening harassment is how well organized and articulate the procedures in the organization are, with chaotic procedures often contributing to higher levels of harassment (Rosigno, Lopez and Hodson, 2009). As mentioned earlier, Rocsigno, Lopez and Hodgson (2009) have attributed workplace harassment to powerlessness, where sufficiently motivated harassers take advantage of the absence of a capable guardian to harass their victims.An example of a capable guardian is the trade or labor union, which has helped slash workplace harassment through their grievance procedures and their capacity to offer arbitration in dismissal cases. Rocsigno, Lopez and Hodson (2009) however report that in recent times the influence and sway of the trade union movement has considerably weakened a factor that has also had some effect in increasing harassment cases.Other capable guardians identifie d include the extent of accountability which employers or supervisors have towards their employees, and the strictures put in place by the organization to guarantee the principle of law within the organization (Rosigno, Lopez and Hodson, 2009). Impact of harassment Harassment at the workplace has very pricey ramifications for establishments within the hospitality industry. According to Perry (2008), workplace harassment has been known to exact a huge monetary toll on organizations.Establishments within the hospitality industry have been known to fork out zillions of dollars to gentle legal bills for the organization and claimants, as well as damages arising from harassment at the workplace. Perry estimates that the average appeal of settling a harassment claim exceeds $300,000. An example is given of the Tavern on the Green, a hospitality establishment in New Yorks Central Park which settled a sexual and racial discrimination suit brought against it by the Equal Employment Opp ortunity Commission (EEOC) for S$2.2 million (Perry, 2008).Apart from the financial toll that employee harassment exacts from the organizations, it also affects employee productivity and morale. When employees feel harassed and harbor the sensing that their employers are not interested in looking after their interests, their morale and job satisfaction suffers, leading to dwindling productivity. Harassment also leads to higher turnover rates, which also increases costs (such as recruitment and training costs) for hospitality establishments (Perry, 2008).According to Perry (2008), harassment cases also lead to the disruption of business and operations of hospitality establishments, since it forces some key personnel to take time off to help prepare the defense of the establishment. Moreover, harassment cases open a lot of adverse publicity for the establishments, which has the capacity to bring them down, given the fact that hospitality establishments such as restaurants depend ver y much on having a good reputation (Perry, 2008).According to Vaez, Ekberg, and LaFlamme (2004), employees who lessen victim to harassment normally predisposed to a higher risk of suffering from stress and psychological unease. They exhibit higher rates of absenteeism and typically have higher employee turnover rates than those employees who are not subjected to intimidation. High rates of absenteeism not only mean lost incomes for the employees (many of whom are paid on an periodical basis for the days they attend work), but also to lost productivity for the organizations.Vaez, Eckberg and LaFlamme (2004) also write that employees subjected to harassment normally suffer from lower levels of self esteem and confidence, and are more predisposed to suffering from sleep disorders, digestive problems, musculoskeletal illnesses, and phobias. This inevitably leads to higher medical expenses for both the employees as well as the organization. Measures to reduce harassment There are sever al measures which establishments within the hospitality industry can take in order to minimize the effects of workplace harassment.According to Perry (2008), hospitality establishments need to formulate written policies which clear articulate that recruitment, hiring, firing and other HR practices will not be influenced by gender, age, religious, or racial considerations but will be purely based on merit. Having formulated such policies, the establishments need to assure that the policy is enforced and to undertake regular audits to determine whether the policy is being followed or not. All employees should be made aware of the policy and must sign against it (Perry, 2008).As a way of minimizing workplace harassment to the bare minimum, hospitality organizations will also need to set up third party impart such as employee hotlines, where cases of harassment can be reported. Additionally, the organizations must also ensure that formal complaint procedures are in place and that they are known by all employees (Perry, 2008). According to Perry (2008), hospitality organizations need to offer training to their employees to educate them of the need to refrain from practices that can constitute harassment.Training the employees will not only help provide a valid defense but will also be useful in helping employees to recognize their own unconscious motivations and how to avoid interacting in ways that can be offensive to other people (Terry, 2008, p. 45). The training should cover all the harassment laws, and should be offered both to employees in management positions and subordinates. In the event that cases of harassment are reported, the organizations response will also count for a lot.In such instances, the organizations must move with speed and investigate such complaints objectively and fairly, preferably by a person who is not a member of the management team up such as an external consultant or the human resource head. As Perry (2008, p. 45) writes, Employe rs who have riant employees who respect each other and interact well are likely to retain them longer. Fair discourse goes a long way toward being the employer of choice.

Syllable Formal Ion Essay Example for Free

Syllable Formal Ion EssayThus a meaningful language unit phonetically may be considered from the point of view of syllable shaping and syllable division. The syllable is a complicated phenomenon and like a phoneme it fanny be studied on four levels articulatory, acoustic, auditory and functional. The complexity of the phenomenon gave rise to many theories. We could start with the so-called expiratory (chest pulse or pressure) scheme by R. H. Stetson. This theory is based on the assumption that issue in speech is a pulsating process and each syllable should correspond to a single expiration. So the flesh of syllables in an utterance is determined by the number of expirations made in the production of the utterance. This theory was powerfully criticized by Russian and foreign linguists. G. P. Torsuyev, for example, wrote that in a phrase a number of words and wherefore a number of syllables faeces be pronounced with a single expiration. This fact makes the validity of the theory doubtful. Another theory of syllable put forward by O. Jespersen is generally called the sonority theory. According to O.Jespersen, each croak is characterized by a certain degree of sonority which is understood us acoustic property of a sound that determines its perceptibility. According to this sound property a ranking of speech sounds could be established laborious plosives ( voiced fricatives (voiced plosives ( voiced fricatives ( sonorants ( close vowels ( turn out vowels . In the word plant for example we may use the pastime wave of sonority plant. According to V. A. Vasssilyev the most serious drawback of this theory is that it fails to explain the actual mechanism of syllable formation and syllable division.Besides, the concept of sonority is not very clearly defined. Further experimental work aimed to description of the syllable resulted in lot of other theories. However the question of articulatory mechanism of syllable in a still an open question in phonetics. We might suppose that this mechanism is similar in all languages and could be regarded as phonetic universal. In Russian linguistics there has been adopted the theory of syllable by LV Shcherba. It is called the theory of muscular tension.In most languages there is the syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable which is usually a vowel phoneme or, in some languages, a sonorant. The phonemes preceding or following the syllabic peak argon called marginal. The separate out of articulation increases within the range of prevocalic harmonicals and then decreases within the range of postvocalic consonants. Russian linguist and psychologist N. I. Zhinkin has suggested the so-called brashness theory which seems to combine both production and scholarship levels. The experiments carried out by N.I. Zhinkin showed that the arc of loudness of perception level is formed due to variations of the volume pharyngeal changeover which is modified by contractions of its walls. The narrowing of the passage and the increase in muscular tension which results from it reinforce the actual loudness of a vowel thusly forming the peak of the syllabic. So the syllable is the arc ?f loudness which correlates with the arc of articulatory effort on the urge production level since variations in loudness are due to the work of all speech mechanisms.It is suddenly obvious that no phonetician has succeeded so far in giving an adequate explanation of what the syllable is. The difficulties seem to germinate from the various possibilities of approach to the unit. There exist two points of view 1. S?me linguists consider the syllable to be a purely articulatory unit which lacks any functional value. This point of view is defended on the ground that the boundaries of syllables do not always coincide with those of morphemes. 2.However the majority of linguists treat the syllable as the smallest pronounceable unit which can reveal some linguistic function. Trying to define the syllable from articulatory point of view we may whistle about universals. When we mean the functional aspect of the syllable it should be defined with the reference to the structure of one finicky language. The definition of the syllable from the functional point of view tends to single out the following features of the syllable a) a syllable is a twine of phonemes of varying length b) a syllable is constructed on the basis f contrast of its constituents (which is usually of vowel consonant type) c) the nucleus of a syllable is a vowel, the presence of consonants is optional there are no languages in which vowels are not used as syllable nuclei, however, there are languages in which this function is performed by consonants d) the distribution of phonemes in the syllabic structure follows by the rules which are specific enough for a particular language. 2. The structure and functions of syllables in English Syllable formation in English is based on the phonological opposition vowel consonant .

Fire Protection Engineering in the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

abscond security measure engine room in the 21st Century EssayAbstract fervor certificate applied science is the application of scientific and engineering principles to protect people, their property, and their surround from the destructive effects of firing off. contain off guard engineers be involved in almost all aspects of go over golosh and put forward prevention. Among their percentage is the picture, analyze and recommendation of call down prevention systems, which has two classifications active and passive. Active finish security systems reply to conditions created by fire, such as increase in temperature or smoke, and act to extinguish the flame. Passive fire protection systems are incorporated in the structural physique of the mental synthesis to prevent dispense of fire or smoke, and to prevent structural collapse. bam protection engineers as fountainhead as adhere to building and fire natural rubber codes. They also objet darticipate in the development of these codes, as well as review and enforce them. give the axe protection engineers also predict fire behavior by simulating fire conditions through casting. By this process, certain(p) characteristics of the fire dissolve be predicted.Models whitethorn simulate the development of a fire inside an enclosure, aspect at activation times of output systems such as caloric and smoke detectors, simulate make out situations, or measure the ability of a building to withstand fire. Risk assessments are also through by fire protection engineers and involve hazard analysis, consequence analysis and likelihood analysis. Fire probe nowadays also involves fire protection engineers that can construct the scene before and during the fire.Fire Engineering 5 I. Introduction Fire protection engineering, the application of scientific and engineering principles to protect people, their property and their environment from fires, is used interchangeably with fire engineering and fi re safety engineering. Although this paper uses fire protection engineering to simplify terminologies, it should also be understood that it likewise refers to the two latter terms, except in instances wherein there is a need for differentiation.Several centuries ago, the primary aim of fire protection engineering is to prevent fires, which in those days, has the possibility to devastate entire cities (Hurley 2006). In the 1900s, the objective of fire protection engineering is to contain a fire in its building of origin. As technology advances, this objective has evolved to containing the fire in the room or object of origin. Towards the end of the twentieth century however, fire protection engineering has evolved to become a professional person discipline having its own set of principles (Lucht 1989 cited in Hurley 2006). II.Professional Definition of Fire Protection Engineering Fire protection engineering is the employment of science and technology to protect people and their envi ronment from destructive fires. nigh of these principles include design of fire protection systems, analysis of fire hazards, carrying out of risk assessment, fire modeling and post-fire investigation and analysis. Fire protection engineers also review fire protection systems, participate in third-party review of fire protection designs, as well as participate in development of codes that would protect behavior and property from fire.Furthermore, they may also be called upon to interpret and enforce existing building and fire codes (Koffel 2003). During the design phase of a building, fire protection engineers may work with architects and other(a) engineers to ensure a fire-safe structure. They make Fire Engineering 6 recommendations for cost-effective fire protection solutions to guarantee that the building and its occupants are adequately protected (Society of Fire Protection Engineers 2008).According to a roundtable discussion by fire protection engineers from all over the glo be regarding the international practice of fire protection engineering, such a rendering is true of fire protection engineers in the United States wherein fire protection engineering and fire safety engineering is taken to be the same. According to Koffel (2003), who facilitated the discussion, such a broad definition is differentiated in Australia where fire protection engineers and fire safety engineers offer distinct services.Fire protection engineers are those that design active fire protection systems such as sprinklers, and fire detection and scandalise systems according to the assume standards. This task is usually done by mechanical engineers who collapse specialized in active fire protection systems. The design of passive fire protection systems, which are usually incorporated as part of the structural design of a building, is specified by structural engineers and architects. Fire safety engineers, on the other hand, are those that develop fire safety strategies for a b uilding or facility.The same is true in the United Kingdom where fire protection engineering is not a common term. That term is also generally used for those who design and install active fire protection systems. Fire safety engineers are those that assist in the design of buildings and structures in order to meet the life safety requirements of the law. Such requirements in the design include means of escape, structural fire resistance, internal and external fire spread, fire spread through cavities and internal openings, and access and facilities for fire service.Let it be reiterated, however, that for the rest of the paper, fire protection engineering refers to the broad description used in the United States. By training, education and experience, a fire protection engineer is expected to be familiar with the nature and characteristics of fire, analyze how fire starts, how it grows and Fire Engineering 7 affect people, buildings and property, and how it can be detected, controlle d and extinguished (Hurley 2006 Society of Fire Protection Engineers 2008).Furthermore, they should be able to seek the behavior of buildings, structure and apparatus so as to better prevent life and property from fire. III. Fire Protection Systems In the event of a fire in a building, the protection of the occupants as well as of property is accomplished by a combination of active and passive means. Active fire protection systems are only used when fire is already present. Such systems are usually frantic by a combination of sensors or mechanical means (Evans et al. 2005).A sprinkler system, a smoke apprehension and a fire defence are just a few examples of active fire protection systems. Passive fire protection systems, on the other hand, insulate a structure by increase its fire resistance. These systems become an integral part of the building layout and construction materials, and include (but not limited to) compartmentation and fire barriers, stairways for rapid evacuation, and spray-on fire proofing. Both systems are complimentary, not competitive (Cafco International 2007).The law recognises them as beingness able to (and should) work together to ensure safety in the event of fire. A. Active Fire Protection Systems The most common active fire protection systems used inside buildings are fire disheartenment systems, smoke control systems, water sprinklers, and portable fire extinguishers and hose reels. Each of these will be discussed in detail in the succeeding discussion. A. 1 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems The purpose fire alarm systems is to detect fires, alert the occupants, send for emergency rescue, and provide information that will facilitate emergency answer (Evans et al. 2005).These systems have several main functions depending on the fire scenario, the type Fire Engineering 8 of building, the figure of occupants and criticality of content and mission (Artim 2007). First, they provide a means to recognize a developing fire, every by m anual or automatic means. Second, they notify building occupants to the fire condition and the necessity of evacuation. Third, they may also transmit signal to emergency responders such as the fire station to alert them of the buildings condition.They may also be used to shut down electrical and air discussion equipment, and may be used to set off automatic suppression systems. The control panel is considered the ingrained component of any fire detection and alarm system. Its function is to monitor the input devices, such as the components that detect smoke and fire and then activates the alarm outputs such as horns, bells, warning lights, emergency call in dialers, and building controls (Artim 2007).Although human beings are excellent fire detectors as they are normally equipped with senses that can detect smoke, heat, flame and odor, they can, in some cases, become an unreliable detection method. A person may not be present during the fire, may not raise an alarm effectively or may not be in perfect health to perceive fire signals. It is for these reasons that automatic fire detectors have been developed. There are many kinds of automatic fire detectors the most commonly used are thermal detectors, smoke detectors and flame detectors.

Decreasing Social Interaction Anxiety for Schizophrenia

Decreasing Social Interaction Anxiety for SchizophreniaCHAPTER V DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS, LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.This chapter deals with discussion, summary and conclusions drawn. It clarifies the limitations, the implications and the recommendations of the need which ar given for the different areas in nurse practice, Nursing education, Ad bitistration and Research. The primary aim of the intervention is to decline the well-disposed fundamental fundamental interaction fear among patients with dementia praecox.DISCUSSION.Schizophrenia is relatively common affecting 1.1% of population in or around 65 million heap worldwide. In India about 4.5 7.8 millions of people suffers from schizophrenia and 7 lakhs of people suffers from Schizophrenia in Tamil Nadu. The patients with Schizophrenia have been found to have pronounced deficits in the sociable skills. These deficiencies may reflect the primary influence of the ailmentes itself.(Del prette,1 999).The present discover aimed to assess the utileness of kindly skills preparedness on kindly interaction anxiety among the patients with schizophrenia. It was conducted at Kongunadu Mana Nala Arakkatalai ,a inveterate centre at Coimbatore. The sample surface was 30 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia.Demographic variables showed that 80 percent of the patients were under the age group of 40 60yrs, 53.3 percent of the patients were males, 70 percent of the patients completed their high school, 63.3 percent of the patients were married and 60 percent of the patients were from the nuclear family.Clinical variables showed that 73 percent of the patients were chronic schizophrenic patients, 50 percent of the patients were having the illness from 2 4yrs and 56.6 percent of the patients were admitted in the infirmary for more than 2 yrs.The distribution of the subjects according to the mean pre evidence values of cordial interaction anxiety showed 47.97 and the dis tribution of the subjects according to the mean post test values of mixer interaction anxiety showed 43.57.The hoard entropy of the present contain were statistically analyzedand the results based on the objective are discussed below- (1) To assess the mixer interaction anxiety before and after the favorable skills planning among the patients with schizophrenia.The level of hearty interaction anxiety before the genial skills development among the patients with Schizophrenia was assessed by exploitation the SIAS scale. The scale consists of 20 questions which includes the aspects of chat, eye contact , listening, appropriate emotional response ,interaction anxiety , greeting and smiling to others. The mean pre test value of affectionate interaction anxiety was 47.97 and the post test value was 43.57 respectively. It showed that the schizophrenic patients are having repellent social interaction anxiety.From the supra results the research worker came to a conclusion th at the schizophrenic patients are having severe social interaction anxiety to go for in effect(p) communication which affects their day to day life. Thus by giving the social skills facts of life a demeanour therapy technique the patients can improve their social skills which further leads to the healthy communication.A study supporting the above result is as follows Beaz . S.et al.,(2013) conducted a study to evaluate the social functioning performance (social cognition tasks) that incorporate the different levels of contextual dependence and their involvement in the strong life scenarios.50 samples were included as the study participants and out of these 25 were the control subjects. The subjects were analyzed by use the pre prepared diagnostic assessment. The results showed that the both groups has the greater interaction anxiety and thus gives the poor performance in the social cognition tasks which constitutes emotional processing, empathy and social norms. The result su ggests that the social skill deficits in the patients with schizophrenia volition impairs their involvement in the real life situations. (2) Evaluate the effectiveness of social skills training among the patients with schizophrenia.The post-test level of social interaction anxiety was assessed after the intervention. The comparison amongst the social interaction anxiety of the patients before and after social skills training was statistically evaluated employ paired t test. The mean pre-test value of social interaction anxiety was 47.97 and post test value was 43.57. The careful paired t value was 6.067 which is greater than the elude value (1.672) and it was real at P From the above analysis, the investigator came to the conclusion that the social skills training was an effective intervention for decreasing the social interaction anxiety of the schizophrenic patients.A study supporting the above purpose is as follows Imam.A.S,et.al.,(2004) conducted a study to determine th e effect of social skills training program on social interaction anxiety of individuals with schizophrenia. For a one month program 62 inpatients, 32 in the study group and 30 in the control group were selected as the participants and they were given 60 min training in 10 sessions for 15 days. The results indicated that social interaction anxiety had shown a tendency to gradually decrease with the lengthening of the group treatment time. The findings demonstrated that the social skills training is effective in trim down the interaction anxiety in individuals with schizophrenia.Similarly as in the above described study, the present study also showed the effectiveness of social skills training programme on social interaction anxiety among schizophrenic patients.(3) consociate the social interaction anxiety with the selected demographic and clinical variables among the patients with Schizophrenia.The connection of social interaction anxiety using with selected demographic and clini cal variables is found out by using the chi square test and it shows that, the work out chi square value for all demographic variables such as age , sexuality, education, event of family , type of schizophrenia, duration of illness, and period of stay does not have any fundamental association with the social interaction anxiety at PA study supporting the above result is that Hayes (1995) conducted a study on effects of social skills training on the community functioning and its impact with the chronic schizophrenic patients.63 patients met in small groups for 36 sessions of training over 4 months. The results showed that there is a significant association in community functioning with demographic office such as sex, educational status and marital status of the patients. No association was found surrounded by the age , type and duration of illness ,and period of admission.The association of social interaction anxiety with demographic variables such as age (0.842), gender (0.52 3), education (0.276), and type of family (0.36) were not statistically significant at PThe association of social interaction anxiety with clinical variables such as the type of schizophrenia(0.589), duration of illness (0.657), period of stay (0.992) showed no significance at PThe above mentioned study also supports that there was no association between the age, type and duration of illness and period of admission. And in the present study, the researcher suggests that irrespective of the age and gender the people go forth have to deal with the stressful life events daily hassels which consequently affects the social decompensations which will be varying from one another and hence their perception towards the social skills might be different. And on the other side, the educational status the participants may not have the capability to understand the social skills training its importance. For the other variables, type of family, type of schizophrenia, duration of illness, period of stay the duration and sample of the study is less. Hence this may be the reason these variables are found as no association in the present study.Similarly as the above in the present study there was a significant association with the social interaction anxiety and the marital status and no association was found between age, gender, education ,type of family ,type of illness and its duration and the period of stay.SUMMARYThe present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of social skills training on social interaction anxiety among the patients with schizophrenia. The objectives formulated were as follows-To assess the social interaction anxiety before and after the social skills training among the patients with schizophrenia.Evaluate the effectiveness of social skills training among the patients with schizophrenia.Associate the social interaction anxiety with the selected demographic and clinical variables.The social skills training was the independent variable and the soc ial interaction was the dependent variable.One group pretest posttest quasi experimental name was used for the study. The samples include 30 schizophrenic patients. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. The tool for the data collection consists of the demographic and clinical variables of the patients, and social interaction anxiety scale was used to assess the social interaction anxiety of the schizophrenic patients.The study was conducted at Kongunadu Mana Nala Arakkatalai, Coimbatore for a period of 6 weeks. After the pre-test, the researcher used social skills training as the intervention. The training showed a decrease in the social interaction anxiety for the patients which was assessed by the post test.As on the hypotheses and objectives, datas were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics to find out the effectiveness of social skills training on social interaction anxiety among the patients with schizophrenia.. And it tested and proved the formulated hypothesis.MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDYThe pre-test and post-test values showed that there was a decrease in the social interaction anxiety among schizophrenic patients. Thus, it was an effective intervention to decrease the communication problems among schizophrenic patients.The calculated pairedt test value for the social interaction anxiety among the patients with schizophrenia was 6.067. This value was greater than the table value (1.672) andt value was significant at 0.05 level. Thus this finding implies that there was a decrease in social interaction anxiety after social skills training.The association of social interaction anxiety with selected demographic and the clinical variables using chi square test shows that among the calculated chi square values for demographic variables, marital status had a significant association at PCONCLUSIONThe conclusion drawn from the study is as follows-The statistical analysis proved that, the social interaction anxiety of the patients with schizophrenia was decreased after social skills training. Thus, social skills training is a reliable intervention to improve the social skills among the patients with schizophrenia.IMPLICATIONSThe present study contributes to care for practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. The social skills training can be used to decrease the social interaction anxiety among the patients with schizophrenia.Nursing PracticeThe social skills training is an effective therapeutic technique to improve the social skills of the patients.In the nursing practice, the Psychiatric nurses as teachers or trainers can work collaboratively with their patients for behavioural modifications such as increasing socialization, up(p) assertiveness.The decrease in the social interaction anxiety will improve the communication pattern of the patients which in turn help them to improve their day to day life.By using this training nurses can pass over the social diffic ulties of their patients and help them achieve higher levels of psychosocial adaptation.Nursing Education.The nurse educator can encourage the rung to implement the social skills trainingtechnique for the patients in an active and more lively manner.The nurse educator can make the staff nurses , to understand about the social skills training and thus to deliver an effective and good quality of care to their patients.Nursing Administration.The nurse administrator can initiate the social skills training in psychiatric units.The nurse administrator can implement the social skills training as a group activity among the patients.Nursing Research.The nurse researcher should explore the factors that are contributing to the lack of social skills in the hospital environment among the patients with schizophrenia.More researches should be encouraged to assess the effectiveness of social skills training in all the areas of communication.LIMITATIONSThe time period of the study was very short t o assess the behavioural stir of the patients.The study was conducted for one aspect of the social skills.The study was conducted with the limited number of samples.RECOMMENDATIONS.A comparative study can be done with the experimental and the control group.A longitudinal study can be done with large number of samples in different settings.Further research can be conducted centering the other aspects of social skills.A comparative study can be done with the other behaviour modification techniques.